Improvement in breech-loading fire-arms



B. F. JOSLYN.

Breach-Loading vFire-Arm.

No. 48,073' Patented June 6, 1865.

. i ZJ NAFETERS. FHOTOJJTHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D C.

UNITED STATES! Price.

PATENT BENJ. F. JOSLYN, OF S'IONING'ION, CONNECTICUT.

.'speclcaior forming part of Letters Patent-N0. 48,073, dated June 6, 1865.

To all whom t 'nzu'f/ concern.:

Beit known that I, BENJAMIN l1. .JosLrN, of Stonington. Connecticut. have invented an Improved Brecon-Loading FireArm; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters ot' reference marked thereon.

My invention consists of a breech-loading re-arm having a breech adapted to the breechblock, and arranged to turn thereon inthe pe culiar manner described.l hereinafter, so as` tov effectually resist the reacting force'of the cartridge, and so as to afford every facility for the ready insertion of the cartridge into the bore of At-he barrel, and its vready withdrawal from the same, the extraction of the spent cartridge being effected by the peculiar mechanism vdescribed hereinafter.

In order to enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now proceed to describe its construction and operation. V

0n reference to theI accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification,

'Figure l represents a vertical sect-ion of part of a vbree'cli-loading fire-arm constructed aeeording to my improvements; Fig. 2, an in verted plan view; Fig.`3, the same, with the breech-piece moved out; Fig. 4, a top view, partly in section.`

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views. y

' A represents a portion of the barrel, and B the breech-block, of my improved fire-arm, the barrel being screwed intoi the breechblock, as usual, and the latter having a tongue,

u., for attachment to the stock. V

D is the movablebreech, one end of which is arranged to bear against al shoulder formed at :von the breech-block B, thereby inclosing the metallic cartridge y, as seen in Fig. 1. Near the opposite end ot' the movable breech, and forming part lof the same, is a pin, d, 4which passes through and fits snugly, but so as to turn freely, in the breech-block, to which' the breech is securely held by a nut or collar, E, attached to the end ot' the pin d, andarranged to turn with the same. It willbe observed that. a shoulder, n, is formed on the breech, and that' this shoulder bears against a similar shoulder, m, formed on the breechblock. The shoulder m, as seen in Fig. 4, and there represented by dott-ed lines, forms part of the circumference oi' a circle v described from the center, t, of the pin d, andone corner, o, of the breech is so rounded that when the bore of the barrel has to be exposed for the admissionor extraction of the cartridge the breech may beA turned laterally and assume the position shown by red lines, Fig. 4. In order to lock the breech to the breech block, I use a rod, c, which is arranged to slide 'to and fro in an orifice i'n the breech, a spira-l spring, f, intervening between the end of the orifice and theV end of the rod, and tending to foro e the latter outward and vto project its outer end into a hole in the breech-block.

The hammer, which is of the usual construction, and which it has not been deemed necessary to fllustrate'i'n the drawings, is arranged to strike against the end of a rod, F, which fits snugly,lbut' so as to slide freely, in the breech, as seen in'lig. 1, a portion ofj the rod being reduced in dia1neter,and being surrounded vby a spiral'spring, h, which tends to force the rod back after it hasbeen struck by Vand released from the pressure ofthe -11ammer. It will be' observed that the front end of the rod isso situated as to strike the edge of the flangeI of the metalliccartridge y.

A. set-screw, i, passing through and screwing into the movable breech, projects into a slot in the rod F, -so that the horizontal movement of the latter may be limited.

In an opening, j, in' the breeclrblocl: B a block, G, isarranged to fit snugly, but slide freely, this block being secured to a rod, H, which is arranged to slide horizontally in the breech-block and to project from the same. the projecting portion of the rod being surrounded by a spiral spring, p, which tends to force the rod outward, and to maintain the block G in contact withV the front end of the -openingj of the'breech-block. It will be observed, on reference to Fig. l, that on the top of the block G there is a projection, 7c, which occupies a position in front ofthe flange of the metallic cartridge y.

On referring to the in vcrted plan vi ews, Figs. 2 and 3, it will be seen that the nut or collar E, previously alluded to as being secured to the piu (Z of the breech-piece, has a notch on f ranged to catch a tact with auincli ned shoulder, Z, on the breechblock. lWhen the several parts occupy the relative positions shownuin Fig. 1, the -cart-ridge y is inelosed by the breech D, and is ready to be discharged by causing the hammer to come in contact with one end ofthe rod F; while the other end strikes the lange of the cartridge and-insures the explosion of the same.

`When it is desirable to withdraw the spent cartridge and to insert a new one, the rod or leteh e is moved back, thereby releasing the breech from the breech-block. The breech, turning on the pin d, is now moved laterally toward the position illustrated by red lines, Fig; 4. Beforethe breechhas assumed this po sitiori, however,- the projection q Aon the nut or collar E had caught the projection w on the spring W, so that as the breech is moved latcrally the block Gr must `be moved iu the direc'tion ofthe arrow, Fig. 1, and must,v through the projection 7g', bc the cause of withdrawing the spent cartridge from the bore of the barrel. indicated by l'red lines, Fig. 4, the inclined'end of the spring comes in contact with the inclination Z on the breech-block, and the sprin g is ,thus released from the projection q of the `nut E, when, through the action of the spring j), the rod H is projected forward, andthe block (r, with its projection 7s, assumes its former position. Vhen the breech has arrived at the position indicated in redlines, Fig. 4, the-spent cartridge is so far withdrawn that it can be readily removed and a new cartridge A's the breech lapproaches the position inserted in its place,y after which the breech may be moved back to its former position and locked to the breech-block by the rod or bolt e.

AIt will be seen without further description that every facility is afforded in my improved fire-arm for the insertion of the cartridge and withdrawal of the same.

One of the most important features of my improvements, however, is the resistance which the breech presents vto' the reacting force Iexerted on it when the cartridge is erploded. The pin d, of itself, affords a formidable resisting medium, andto .this is added the `resistance presented by theshonlder mf.

It will beobserved that although my improved re-arm lposseses theseimportant ad-l vantages, itis simple in construction and free from enlargements and protuberances; which are objectionable features iu many breechloading fire-arms.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent- I l. The breeeh-block D, with its pin d and concave shoulder of, in combination withv a convex shoulder, on, on the stock or frame, adapted to t-he said shoulder n, all substantiallyl as set forth. n

2. The block G, withits projection 7c, springcatcli W, and springrod H, in combination with the breech-piece I), pin d, and notched disk E, the whole 'being arranged for joint -action,substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

In testimony whereofl have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

B. F. JOSLY N.-

Witnesses JOHN Wurm. H. Howso. 

